Hipkin Journal of Educational Research
type: channel
description: Hipkin Journal of Educational Research (Hipkin JER) e ISSN: 3047-5309 p ISSN: 3047-535X published by the Himpunan Pengembang Kurikulum Indonesia (HIPKIN)/Indonesian Curriculum Developer Association in collaboration with the Curriculum Development Study Program, Faculty of Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Hipkin JER features empirical, theoretical, and methodological articles that understand education, curriculum, and learning. Hipkin JER publishes peer-reviewed analyses covering educational research across all subfields and disciplines, all levels of analysis, and multiple levels of education. It also encourages implementation at all levels of education throughout life and all forms of learning. Hipkin JER welcomes submissions of articles that reflect various perspectives, topics, contexts, and methods, including interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary fields in education. All issues of Hipkin JER publications are available to browse online.
publisher: Himpunan Pengembang Kurikulum Indonesia
language: en
publication name: Hipkin Journal of Educational Research
issn: 3047-535X
items: Implementation of ICT learning at SDN Pancasila Lembang
items: Teacher and technology roles in the Kurikulum Merdeka at SD Muhammadiyah 4 Bandung
items: Curriculum principles in ICT subjects at Al-Hidayah Primary School
items: The role of the library in supporting ICT learning in primary school
items: The strategic function of the library in enhancing educational activities at SMAN 3 Garut
items: Multifaceted pedagogical framework for informatics: SMP Labschool UPI perspective
items: Informatics education practices and global relevance in madrasah in the Kurikulum Merdeka
items: The curriculum development team's role in facilitating technology learning at SD Budiluhur
items: Adaptive strategies employed by informatics teachers at SMAN 1 Parongpong within the context of Kurikulum Merdeka
items: Implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka in Informatics lessons at SMPN 4 Ciawigebang
items: Implementation of curriculum models in ICT subjects at SD Al-Hidayah Majalengka
items: Teaching Informatics in the Kurikulum Merdeka: An exploratory case study at SMPN 12 Bandung
items: The implementation of Informatics subject in the Kurikulum Merdeka at SMP 26 Bandung
items: Structured ICT learning as local content curriculum: The practice at SD Budiluhur
items: Implementing Kurikulum Merdeka in Informatics learning at SMAN 7 Bandung
items: The role of libraries in curriculum implementation at SMP Kartika XIX-2
items: Analysis of curriculum development and implementation at SMP Negeri 12 Bandung
items: Curriculum innovation at SMKN 3 Bandung: Bridging education and industry
items: Curriculum implementation in accounting major at SMK Pajajaran Bandung
items: Analysis of curriculum implementation in the accounting major at SMKN 11 Bandung
items: Teachers' views on optimizing Kurikulum Merdeka in SMK Kencana accounting department
items: Observing accounting curriculum development in vocational schools for job-ready graduates
items: The effectiveness of Kurikulum Merdeka on the accounting learning system in vocational schools
items: Implementation and difficulties of Kurikulum Merdeka in accounting learning at LPPM-RI vocational school
items: Analysis of curriculum development and accounting learning at SMK Indonesia Raya
items: Curriculum innovation at SMK PGRI 2 Cimahi: Preparing students for the workforce
items: Enhancing accounting learning with curriculum and library support at SMK Daarut Tauhiid
items: Analysis of Kurikulum Merdeka development and its application in classroom accounting learning
items: Analysis of Kurikulum Merdeka tools at SMK Bina Sarana Cendekia Bandung
items: Challenges in curriculum implementation and development at SMK Profita Bandung

Implementation of ICT learning at SDN Pancasila Lembang
type: item
description: The rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) requires the education sector to adapt, particularly in the implementation of learning in elementary schools. This study aims to describe the implementation of ICT learning at SDN Pancasila, focusing on curriculum implementation, teacher competence, instructional delivery, and available facilities and infrastructure. This study employs a qualitative approach, using observation methods and semi-structured interviews with ICT teachers. The study's results indicate that the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka provides schools with the flexibility to determine ICT learning materials and methods in accordance with students' needs. Teachers have basic competencies in using ICT but are not yet fully effective in integrating digital-based learning. The implementation of ICT learning went quite well, even though they still faced limited facilities such as computers and laptops. Students showed a strong interest in ICT-based learning because it was perceived as more engaging and interactive. Improvement of teacher competence and equal distribution of ICT facilities are needed to support the implementation of more effective, efficient, and equitable learning in elementary schools, especially at SDN Pancasila Lembang. Abstrak Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) yang pesat menuntut dunia pendidikan untuk turut beradaptasi, khususnya dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi pembelajaran TIK di SDN Pancasila ditinjau dari aspek penerapan kurikulum, kompetensi guru, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, serta sarana dan prasarana yang tersedia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode observasi dan wawancara semi-terstruktur terhadap guru TIK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan keleluasaan bagi sekolah dalam menentukan materi dan metode pembelajaran TIK sesuai kebutuhan muri…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ICT learning
  topic: keywords
subject: information communication and technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Alvyn Hadrian Nugraha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alvyn Hadrian Nugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-21
publication date: 2025-12-21
starting page: 357
ending page: 368
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.239

Teacher and technology roles in the Kurikulum Merdeka at SD Muhammadiyah 4 Bandung
type: item
description: This research examines the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka, which is being gradually introduced across basic education units in Indonesia. This curriculum is designed to provide flexibility for learner-centered learning and to adapt education to the dynamics of the times and the individual needs of students. In this context, SD Muhammadiyah 4 Bandung is one of the schools that has adopted the Kurikulum Merdeka and implemented it in Informatics subjects. This study aims to assess the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka at SD Muhammadiyah 4 Bandung, with a focus on the implementation of Informatics learning and student learning outcomes. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach, using in-depth interviews with the principal, the vice principal for curriculum, and the Informatics teachers. The results showed that although this curriculum provides teachers with flexibility to customize instruction, there remain challenges, including teacher readiness to use technology and differences in students' ability to operate devices such as Chromebooks. Therefore, ongoing teacher training and additional support for students are needed to optimize the implementation of the curriculum. This research provides recommendations to strengthen teacher training, increase evaluation time, and improve support systems to better respond to evolving educational needs. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka yang saat ini sedang diterapkan secara bertahap di berbagai satuan pendidikan dasar di Indonesia. Kurikulum ini dirancang untuk memberikan fleksibilitas pembelajaran yang berpusat pada murid serta menyesuaikan pendidikan dengan dinamika zaman dan kebutuhan individu murid. Dalam konteks tersebut, SD Muhammadiyah 4 Bandung menjadi salah satu sekolah yang telah mengadopsi Kurikulum Merdeka dan menerapkannya dalam mata pelajaran Informatika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di SD Muhammadiyah 4 Bandung, dengan fokus pa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Informatics learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: primary education
  topic: keywords
subject: technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Haura Qurrata Ayunina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Haura Qurrata Ayunina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 347
ending page: 356
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.238

Curriculum principles in ICT subjects at Al-Hidayah Primary School
type: item
description: The development of digital technology requires primary education to implement a curriculum that equips students with relevant ICT skills. In this context, this study aims to examine the application of curriculum development principles in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) subject at Al-Hidayah Primary School, focusing on the principles of relevance, flexibility, continuity, efficiency, and effectiveness. A qualitative approach was used, with data collected through semi-structured interviews conducted online via video calls and direct observation. The results show that the Kurikulum Merdeka implemented in the 2024-2025 academic year includes relevant content, such as digital ethics and social media. Teachers demonstrated adaptive capabilities in designing flexible, continuous learning across grade levels, particularly in grades 4-6. Although there remain limitations in computer equipment, the learning strategies were considered reasonably efficient and effective. These findings emphasize that the success of curriculum implementation largely depends on teachers’ ability to translate curriculum principles into practices that are appropriate to the school context. Therefore, teacher training and support are essential to ensure the sustainability of ICT learning. Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi digital menuntut pendidikan dasar untuk menghadirkan kurikulum yang mampu membekali murid dengan keterampilan TIK yang relevan. Dalam konteks ini, penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penerapan prinsip-prinsip pengembangan kurikulum dalam mata pelajaran Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) di Sekolah Dasar Al-Hidayah, dengan fokus pada prinsip relevansi, fleksibilitas, kontinuitas, efisiensi, dan efektivitas. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur yang dilakukan secara daring melalui video call serta observasi langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kurikulum Merdeka yang diterapkan pada tahun ajaran 2024-202…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum principles
  topic: keywords
subject: ICT curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: technological adaptation
  topic: keywords
creator: Perdiansah Perdiansah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Perdiansah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 283
ending page: 296
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.237

The role of the library in supporting ICT learning in primary school
type: item
description: In the context of primary education, libraries have great potential as learning resource centers that can support the integration of technology into the learning process. This study examines the role of libraries in supporting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning at the Ibnu Sina Integrated Islamic Elementary School (SDIT). The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which libraries contribute to ICT learning and to identify challenges associated with the use of digital technology in the school environment. The method was qualitative, with data collected through interviews with school officials, including the vice principal for curriculum, as well as observations and document analysis. The results showed that, despite the availability of a Learning Management System (LMS) and an e-book collection, the library's function remains limited to providing materials. Limited digital skills and infrastructure are the main obstacles. The implemented Kurikulum Merdeka provides flexibility in ICT learning, but still requires adaptation of technology-based content. Therefore, it is recommended that digital training be expanded, digital collections enriched, and infrastructure strengthened to enable libraries to play a more effective role. Abstrak Pada konteks pendidikan dasar, perpustakaan memiliki potensi besar sebagai pusat sumber belajar yang dapat mendukung integrasi teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran perpustakaan dalam mendukung pembelajaran Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu (SDIT) Ibnu Sina. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi sejauh mana perpustakaan berkontribusi dalam pembelajaran TIK, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan yang muncul dalam pemanfaatan teknologi digital di lingkungan sekolah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan pihak sekolah, termasuk wakil kepala sekolah bidang kurikulum, observasi dan ana…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digital literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: ICT learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: school library
  topic: keywords
creator: Nayla Muthi Ainan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nayla Muthi Ainan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 369
ending page: 378
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.236

The strategic function of the library in enhancing educational activities at SMAN 3 Garut
type: item
description: The digital era demands that school libraries adapt to support effective learning processes, necessitating that the SMAN 3 Garut library optimize its role as a learning resource center aligned with modern educational needs. This research aims to analyze library strategies that support teaching and learning at SMAN 3 Garut and to identify the challenges faced and the development efforts undertaken. The study employs a qualitative approach, using interviews and direct observation to collect data on library services, collections, and strategies. The research findings indicate that the library maintains collections of printed materials, including textbooks, reference works, and general-interest titles, and operates a membership-based borrowing system, with management conducted manually and semi-digitally. The library actively provides alternative study spaces and collaborates closely with teachers in designing literacy activities. Main challenges include low student interest in reading and limited resources; however, strategies such as establishing reading ambassadors and cross-role collaboration have been implemented to address these issues. In conclusion, SMAN 3 Garut library plays a strategic role in supporting learning through various service innovations. However, further development of digital facilities is needed to ensure that the learning resource center remains adaptable and relevant to contemporary developments. Abstrak Era digitalisasi menuntut perpustakaan sekolah untuk beradaptasi dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran yang efektif, sehingga perpustakaan SMAN 3 Garut perlu mengoptimalkan perannya sebagai pusat sumber belajar yang relevan dengan kebutuhan pendidikan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi perpustakaan dalam mendukung proses belajar mengajar di SMAN 3 Garut serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan upaya pengembangan yang dilakukan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara dan observasi langsung untuk …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: high school
  topic: keywords
subject: learning resources
  topic: keywords
subject: school library
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Subhan Zaenul Rofi
creator: Angga Hadiapurwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Subhan Zaenul Rofi, Angga Hadiapurwa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 379
ending page: 388
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.235

Multifaceted pedagogical framework for informatics: SMP Labschool UPI perspective
type: item
description: Within the Kurikulum Merdeka framework, Informatics learning occupies a strategic position as a subject that supports the development of 21st-century competencies. The purpose of this study is to examine how curriculum elements, learning models, learning media, and evaluation strategies are applied in Informatics learning at SMP Labschool UPI, particularly within the flexible Kurikulum Merdeka context. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive approach, using data collection methods such as classroom observations and in-depth interviews with Informatics teachers. The results show that teachers can independently develop lesson plans, adapt materials to students' needs, and implement various learning models, including project-based, scientific, and inquiry-based learning. The materials focused on computational thinking, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), data analysis, and the social impact of technology. The learning media included digital resources and traditional tools, and the evaluation strategy employed a backward design approach, incorporating diagnostic assessments, quizzes, reflections, and project-based assessments. This study concluded that Informatics learning under the Kurikulum Merdeka is adaptive and contextual, and can accommodate students' needs in the digital era. Abstrak Dalam kerangka Kurikulum Merdeka, pembelajaran Informatika menempati posisi strategis sebagai mata pelajaran yang mendukung pengembangan kompetensi abad ke-21. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis bagaimana elemen kurikulum, model pembelajaran, media belajar, dan strategi evaluasi diterapkan dalam pembelajaran Informatika di SMP Labschool UPI, khususnya dalam konteks Kurikulum Merdeka yang fleksibel. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, melalui teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi kelas dan wawancara mendalam dengan guru Informatika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru dapat menyusun RPP …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: informatics learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: learning evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizma Nurpriyanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rizma Nurpriyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 297
ending page: 308
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.234

Informatics education practices and global relevance in madrasah in the Kurikulum Merdeka
type: item
description: This study was motivated by the need to deepen understanding of how computer science is implemented in madrasahs within the Kurikulum Merdeka, while also addressing contemporary challenges through education relevant at the local, national, and global levels. This study holistically explores the practice of computer science education in madrasahs in the context of the Kurikulum Merdeka, which has thus far been focused more on public schools. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of how Informatics is taught in madrasahs and how its implementation can address contemporary challenges at the local, national, and global levels. This study uses a qualitative approach that applies the interview method in data collection. The results show that the curriculum is implemented in stages using a project-based learning approach that integrates Islamic values. The curriculum is developed in accordance with the policies of Kemendikbud and Kemenag, creating a unique learning experience that remains aligned with national objectives. Locally, the learning supports the character and needs of the surrounding community; nationally, it demonstrates the adaptation of cross-ministerial policies; and globally, it equips students with digital literacy and 21st-century competencies. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan untuk memahami secara mendalam bagaimana mata pelajaran Informatika diimplementasikan di madrasah dalam konteks Kurikulum Merdeka, sekaligus menjawab tantangan zaman melalui pendidikan yang relevan secara lokal, nasional, dan global. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi secara holistik praktik pembelajaran Informatika di madrasah dalam konteks Kurikulum Merdeka, yang selama ini lebih banyak difokuskan pada sekolah umum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai bagaimana Informatika diajarkan di madrasah serta bagaimana pelaksanaannya dapat menjawab tantangan zaman baik secara lokal, nasional, maupun glob…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: history of informatics
  topic: keywords
subject: Informatics
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: madrasah
  topic: keywords
creator: Fathanah Hamidah Tsaqib
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fathanah Hamidah Tsaqib https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 323
ending page: 334
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.233

The curriculum development team's role in facilitating technology learning at SD Budiluhur
type: item
description: The digital transformation in education requires elementary schools to equip students with technological skills from an early age. Adaptive and integrative curricula, such as the Kurikulum Merdeka, offer significant opportunities to develop digital literacy through contextual and project-based learning. However, challenges such as limited facilities and insufficient teacher training remain obstacles to implementing ICT-based learning. This study aims to describe the role of the curriculum development team in shaping students’ technology competence at SD Budiluhur. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, using interviews and observations involving teachers, the principal, and members of the curriculum development team. The findings indicate that the team actively contributes to the design of technology-integrated teaching materials, the selection of appropriate digital tools, and the provision of ongoing teacher training. The curriculum implemented at SD Budiluhur has enhanced students' interest and ability to use technology wisely and productively. This study highlights the importance of collaboration and innovative curriculum strategies in creating a learning environment that is responsive to technological advancements. Abstrak Transformasi digital dalam dunia pendidikan menuntut sekolah dasar untuk membekali murid dengan keterampilan teknologi sejak dini. Kurikulum yang adaptif dan integratif, seperti Kurikulum Merdeka, memberikan peluang besar untuk mengembangkan literasi digital melalui pembelajaran yang kontekstual dan berbasis proyek. Namun, tantangan seperti keterbatasan fasilitas dan kurangnya pelatihan guru masih menjadi hambatan dalam implementasi pembelajaran berbasis TIK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan peran Tim Pengembang Kurikulum (TPK) dalam membentuk kompetensi teknologi murid di SD Budiluhur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode wawancara dan observasi terhadap guru, kepala sekolah, dan ang…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum development
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: primary school
  topic: keywords
subject: technology competence
  topic: keywords
creator: Najwa Nabila Hermawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Najwa Nabila Hermawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 335
ending page: 346
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.232

Adaptive strategies employed by informatics teachers at SMAN 1 Parongpong within the context of Kurikulum Merdeka
type: item
description: In the ever-evolving digital era, Informatics has become crucial for equipping students with 21st-century skills, including computational thinking, problem-solving, collaboration, and digital literacy. This subject not only serves as an introduction to technology but also as a foundation for developing students' logical and innovative thinking. This study aims to identify and analyze adaptive strategies implemented by teachers in the Informatics learning process, adapted to the characteristics of the Kurikulum Merdeka. The need for adaptive strategies arises from various challenges still encountered in the field, such as the high complexity of teaching materials, limited technological facilities and infrastructure in schools, and the low readiness of teachers and students to adapt to curriculum changes. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through semi-structured interviews and documentation of teaching materials. The results show that teachers at SMAN 1 Parongpong apply Problem-Based Learning and Project-Based Learning models, optimize the use of digital media such as learning videos and online applications, and develop flexible lesson plans and project-based assessments. These strategies not only increase student engagement and motivation to learn but also effectively and contextually support the achievement of the Kurikulum Merdeka objectives in Informatics subjects. Abstrak Di era digital yang terus berkembang, Informatika menjadi aspek penting dalam membekali murid dengan keterampilan abad ke-21, seperti berpikir komputasional, pemecahan masalah, kolaborasi, dan literasi digital. Mata pelajaran ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai sarana pengenalan teknologi, tetapi juga sebagai landasan dalam membentuk pola pikir logis dan inovatif pada murid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis strategi adaptif yang diterapkan oleh guru dalam proses pembelajaran Informatika yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik Kuri…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Informatics
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: learning model
  topic: keywords
subject: learning strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Dinda Natania Sugara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dinda Natania Sugara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 309
ending page: 322
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.230

Implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka in Informatics lessons at SMPN 4 Ciawigebang
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Informatics at SMPN 4 Ciawigebang, focusing on the challenges faced, opportunities available, and strategies applied to support more adaptive learning that is relevant to students' needs in the digital era. A case study approach with a qualitative descriptive method was used, involving data collection through in-depth interviews with the school principal and Informatics teachers, direct classroom observations, and relevant document analysis. The main findings of this study show that, despite limitations in facilities, including a limited number of computers and inadequate laboratory conditions, SMPN 4 Ciawigebang successfully overcame these challenges through adaptive strategies, such as the use of students' personal devices and differentiated learning. Student-centered and project-based learning proved effective in enhancing student engagement and creativity. This research contributes significantly to understanding the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at the junior high school level, particularly in Informatics, which emphasizes the development of digital skills. The practical implications of these findings underscore the need for adequate infrastructure and ongoing teacher training to support the implementation of the curriculum. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of this curriculum implementation and the role of technology in learning in schools with limited facilities. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam mata pelajaran Informatika di SMPN 4 Ciawigebang, dengan fokus pada tantangan yang dihadapi, peluang yang ada, serta strategi yang diterapkan untuk mendukung pembelajaran yang lebih adaptif dan relevan dengan kebutuhan murid di era digital. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yang melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan kepala seko…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: adaptive strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: differentiated learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: technology in education
  topic: keywords
creator: Mochammad Syahrul Ramadhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mochammad Syahrul Ramadhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 389
ending page: 402
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i3.231

Implementation of curriculum models in ICT subjects at SD Al-Hidayah Majalengka
type: item
description: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning in elementary school is a crucial foundation for equipping students with digital literacy from an early age. This study aims to identify how ICT learning is implemented at SD Al-Hidayah, particularly in terms of instructional structure, learning materials, teaching approaches, and alignment with applicable Basic Competencies. The research is motivated by the need to understand how ICT education is applied in practice as a response to the development of digital technologies and 21st-century education demands. A descriptive qualitative method was used, employing in-depth interviews, document analysis, and participatory observation as data collection techniques. The results show that ICT learning at the school is systematically implemented through instructional tools that refer to achievement indicators, contextually relevant materials, and hands-on learning approaches that encourage student engagement. However, challenges such as limited facilities and the need for further teacher training were identified. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing teacher competence and strengthening infrastructure as strategic efforts to optimize ICT learning at the elementary level. Abstrak Pembelajaran Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) di jenjang Sekolah Dasar menjadi fondasi penting dalam membekali peserta didik dengan literasi digital sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran TIK di SD Al-Hidayah, khususnya dari aspek struktur ajar, materi pembelajaran, pendekatan guru, serta kesesuaiannya dengan Kompetensi Dasar yang berlaku. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan untuk memahami bagaimana pembelajaran TIK diimplementasikan di lapangan sebagai respons terhadap perkembangan teknologi digital dan tuntutan pendidikan abad 21. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam, analisis dokume…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum development
  topic: keywords
subject: elementary school
  topic: keywords
subject: Information and Communication Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: learning implementation
  topic: keywords
creator: Abi Yasid Al’majid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abi Yasid Al’majid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 269
ending page: 282
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.165

Teaching Informatics in the Kurikulum Merdeka: An exploratory case study at SMPN 12 Bandung
type: item
description: This study aims to examine the implementation of Informatics teaching within the context of the Kurikulum Merdeka at Junior High School (SMP) Negeri 12 Bandung. This research focuses on three aspects, namely implementing Project-Based Learning (PjBL), developing teaching materials relevant to students' lives, and applying continuous formative assessment. The findings reveal that the PjBL approach significantly increased student engagement and enhanced their basic digital skills, particularly in creating digital presentations and animations. Teachers play a crucial role as learning facilitators, capable of designing responsive learning experiences and adapting materials to students' needs. Despite challenges such as infrastructure limitations and unequal access to technology, adaptive solutions like blended learning and unplugged activities were successfully implemented. This study highlights the need for continuous teacher training in digital pedagogy and strong institutional support to enhance the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka. The findings aim to contribute to the development of best practices in contextual Informatics teaching and provide valuable insights for policy development based on the Kurikulum Merdeka. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi pengajaran informatika dalam konteks Kurikulum Merdeka di SMP Negeri 12 Bandung. Fokus penelitian ini mencakup tiga aspek utama, yaitu penerapan Project-Based Learning (PjBL), pengembangan bahan ajar yang relevan dengan kehidupan peserta didik, dan penerapan asesmen formatif berkelanjutan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan PjBL secara signifikan meningkatkan keterlibatan peserta didik dan mengembangkan keterampilan digital dasar mereka, khususnya dalam pembuatan presentasi dan animasi digital. Guru memainkan peran penting sebagai fasilitator pembelajaran yang mampu merancang pengalaman belajar yang responsif dan menyesuaikan materi dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Meskipun dihadapkan pa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Informatics education
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching practices
  topic: keywords
creator: Alya Nurul Hanifah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alya Nurul Hanifah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 255
ending page: 268
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.164

The implementation of Informatics subject in the Kurikulum Merdeka at SMP 26 Bandung
type: item
description: This study aims to describe the implementation of the Informatics subject within the Merdeka Curriculum at SMP 26 Bandung. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, and literature review. The findings indicate that although the implementation has been initiated, it still faces several challenges such as the lack of teachers with an Informatics background, inadequate facilities, and suboptimal teaching and assessment methods. The Informatics subject primarily focuses on developing basic skills, particularly in using Microsoft Office, and does not group students based on their ability levels. Nevertheless, this approach has encouraged peer collaboration and fostered a supportive learning environment. To enhance learning effectiveness, ongoing professional development for teachers, especially those from non-informatics disciplines, is essential. The study also highlights the potential of cross-disciplinary learning to enrich digital literacy. Overall, the research emphasizes the need for strengthening teacher capacity, institutional support, and adequate learning infrastructure as strategic efforts to ensure the delivery of relevant, inclusive, and adaptive Informatics education in response to the evolving demands of the digital era. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi mata pelajaran Informatika dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di SMP 26 Bandung. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran Informatika telah berjalan meskipun menghadapi sejumlah kendala, seperti keterbatasan guru yang memiliki latar belakang dalam bidang Informatika, sarana prasarana yang belum memadai, serta belum optimalnya metode pembelajaran dan evaluasi yang diterapkan. Mata pelajaran Informatika di sekolah ini difokuskan pada penguasaan ket…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: education curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Informatics subjects
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Rina Tri Agustianis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rina Tri Agustianis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 243
ending page: 254
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.163

Structured ICT learning as local content curriculum: The practice at SD Budiluhur
type: item
description: The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) into learning at the primary school level is a key effort in addressing the challenges of 21st-century education. This study is driven by the need to understand how ICT is concretely integrated in primary schools, particularly in curriculum planning and the implementation of learning that aligns with students' needs. Employing a qualitative research design with a case study method, this research aims to provide an in-depth and contextual description. Data collection techniques include interviews and observations. The objective of this study is to describe the ICT integration process at Budiluhur Primary School and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence its success. The findings reveal that Budiluhur Primary School has developed a structured model of ICT integration through internal policies, continuous teacher training, infrastructure development, and the establishment of a school ICT development team. The study also highlights that despite challenges such as technical limitations and varying levels of teacher competence, successful integration can still be achieved through collaborative strategies, visionary leadership, and strong internal support from the school. Abstrak Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) dalam pembelajaran pada jenjang sekolah dasar menjadi salah satu upaya penting dalam menghadapi tantangan pendidikan abad ke-21. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan untuk memahami integrasi TIK yang dilakukan secara nyata di sekolah dasar, khususnya dalam perencanaan kurikulum dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang relevan dengan kebutuhan peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus untuk memberikan gambaran yang mendalam dan kontekstual. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan proses integrasi TIK di SD Budiluhur serta me…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ICT curriculum implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: ICT learning
  topic: keywords
subject: primary school
  topic: keywords
subject: technology integration
  topic: keywords
creator: Almira Rahma Fadhila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Almira Rahma Fadhila (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 229
ending page: 242
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.162

Implementing Kurikulum Merdeka in Informatics learning at SMAN 7 Bandung
type: item
description: This article discusses the implementation of the Informatics subject within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum at SMAN 7 Bandung. The study is motivated by a national curriculum reform that introduces Informatics as a compulsory subject in high schools to strengthen students' digital competencies in response to rapid technological development. The aim of this research is to describe the implementation strategies of the Informatics subject and identify the challenges faced by SMAN 7 Bandung, particularly regarding limitations in human resources and infrastructure. This qualitative research was conducted through interviews with the vice principal of curriculum and the informatics teacher. This research aims to reveal that implementation has been carried out gradually, accompanied by adjustments in teaching methods and the use of technology suited to the school’s conditions. The main challenges include a shortage of Informatics teachers and insufficient facilities. Nevertheless, SMAN 7 Bandung has made efforts to adapt the learning process to remain relevant and effective through active learning approaches and the use of available technologies. This study contributes to curriculum research in Indonesia, particularly in the integration of technology-based learning in Informatics education. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas implementasi mata pelajaran Informatika dalam kerangka Kurikulum Merdeka di SMAN 7 Bandung. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebijakan kurikulum nasional yang menempatkan Informatika sebagai mata pelajaran wajib di SMA untuk memperkuat kompetensi digital peserta didik dalam menghadapi perkembangan teknologi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan strategi implementasi mata pelajaran Informatika serta tantangan yang dihadapi SMAN 7 Bandung, terutama terkait keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dan infrastruktur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara dengan wakil kepala sekolah bidang kurikulum dan guru Informat…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Informatics learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Kiagus Muhammad Ryan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Kiagus Muhammad Ryan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 215
ending page: 228
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.161

The role of libraries in curriculum implementation at SMP Kartika XIX-2
type: item
description: This article aims to examine the strategic role of school libraries in supporting the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka at the Junior High School (Sekolah Menengah Pertama or SMP) level. This research was conducted through direct interviews with library managers and observations of the available supporting facilities and resources. The primary focus of this study is on how the library provides effective and relevant teaching materials, coordinates with teachers to support teaching and learning activities, and carries out various innovations to adapt to the demands of the more flexible and student-centered Merdeka Curriculum. The library functions not only as a reading space but also as a learning resource center that supports the development of students’ literacy and independent learning. The findings of this research are expected to provide a comprehensive overview of the school library’s contribution to creating a learning environment that is adaptive and responsive to curriculum changes. Thus, this article also serves as a reference for schools and policymakers in enhancing the function and role of libraries in an increasingly complex educational landscape. Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran strategis perpustakaan sekolah dalam mendukung implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara langsung dengan pengelola perpustakaan serta observasi terhadap perangkat dan fasilitas pendukung yang tersedia. Fokus utama dari kajian ini adalah bagaimana perpustakaan menyediakan bahan ajar yang efektif, relevan, dan menjalin koordinasi dengan guru dalam menunjang kegiatan belajar mengajar, serta melakukan berbagai inovasi untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan tuntutan Kurikulum Merdeka yang lebih fleksibel dan berpusat pada peserta didik. Perpustakaan tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tempat membaca, tetapi juga sebagai pusat sumber belajar yang mendukung pengembangan literasi dan kemandirian belaja…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: learning
  topic: keywords
subject: school library
  topic: keywords
creator: Farhan Noorfansyah Sucahyo
creator: Angga Hadiapurwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Farhan Noorfansyah Sucahyo, Angga Hadiapurwa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 201
ending page: 214
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.160

Analysis of curriculum development and implementation at SMP Negeri 12 Bandung
type: item
description: Careful evaluation at the school level is necessary because the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka is inseparable from practical obstacles. The main challenges of implementation include the readiness of human resources, infrastructure, and supporting regulations. Therefore, case study-based research at SMP Negeri 12 Bandung is expected to reveal these specific factors. This study aims to analyze the development and implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka. The Kurikulum Merdeka was designed as a response to the post-pandemic learning crisis and aims to provide flexibility to education units in managing learning according to local characteristics and the needs of students. The descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach was chosen to examine the problem through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka at SMP Negeri 12 Bandung was carried out in stages with several contextual adjustments. The school has integrated the Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila and implemented differentiated learning as the primary strategy. However, challenges such as a lack of in-depth understanding among teachers and limited infrastructure remain obstacles that need to be overcome. This study recommends continuous training for teachers and systematic support from the government to improve the effectiveness of curriculum implementation. Asbtrak Evaluasi yang cermat di tingkat sekolah sangat diperlukan karena implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka tidak terlepas dari hambatan praktis. Tantangan utama implementasi mencakup kesiapan sumber daya manusia, infrastruktur, dan regulasi pendukung. Oleh karena itu, penelitian berbasis studi kasus di SMP Negeri 12 Bandung diharapkan dapat mengungkap faktor-faktor spesifik tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan dan implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Kurikulum Merdeka dirancang sebagai respons terhadap krisis pembelajaran pasca-pandemi dan ber…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: learning innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: Profil Pelajar Pancasila
  topic: keywords
subject: secondary education
  topic: keywords
creator: Andika Bahari Maskar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Andika Bahari Maskar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 189
ending page: 200
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.159

Curriculum innovation at SMKN 3 Bandung: Bridging education and industry
type: item
description: A well-structured vocational curriculum should prepare students not only with academic knowledge but also with practical skills and competencies that align with industry standards. This study focuses on analyzing curriculum innovation at SMKN 3 Bandung, with an emphasis on the integration of the Teaching Factory (TeFa) program, which bridges the gap between education and real-world industry practices. Tefa involves collaboration with industry partners to create a simulated industrial environment, where students gain hands-on experience while still in school. Through qualitative research methods, including interviews and observations with the school’s curriculum staff, this study reveals how SMKN 3 Bandung applies the Merdeka Curriculum in line with industry needs. The curriculum structure incorporates a combination of technical skills and soft skills development, ensuring students are well-prepared for future employment. Industry partners play a crucial role in shaping the curriculum and offering students opportunities to obtain industry certifications. Despite challenges such as adapting to rapidly changing industry demands, SMKN 3 Bandung has successfully integrated practical learning experiences that enhance students’ employability and equip them better to succeed in the workforce. Abstrak Kurikulum vokasi yang baik tidak hanya membekali peserta didik dengan pengetahuan akademik, tetapi juga keterampilan dan kompetensi praktis yang sesuai dengan standar industri. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis inovasi kurikulum di SMKN 3 Bandung, dengan menekankan integrasi program Teaching Factory (TeFa) yang menghubungkan dunia pendidikan dengan praktik industri nyata. Tefa melibatkan kolaborasi dengan mitra industri untuk menciptakan lingkungan industri simulasi, di mana peserta didik mendapatkan pengalaman langsung saat masih di sekolah. Melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, termasuk wawancara dan observasi dengan staf kurikulum sekolah, penelitian ini mengungkapkan ba…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: industry collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching factory
  topic: keywords
creator: Syifa Nur Azizah Suhud
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Syifa Nur Azizah Suhud (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 177
ending page: 188
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.158

Curriculum implementation in accounting major at SMK Pajajaran Bandung
type: item
description: The curriculum is a learning guideline that includes objectives, content, methods, and evaluations to achieve the expected competencies. This study examines the implementation of the accounting curriculum at SMK Pajajaran Bandung, focusing on the use of technology, alignment of skills with workforce demands, the effectiveness of teaching approaches, and curriculum evaluation. The aim is to explore how the accounting curriculum is applied, considering its relevance to the skills required in the job market, teaching methods, technology integration, and curriculum evaluation. The research employs a qualitative method, collecting data through interviews, observations, and document analysis. Findings reveal that the accounting curriculum at SMK Pajajaran Bandung is well-designed to enhance students' competencies for workforce demands. It integrates technical skills, soft skills, and technology, such as accounting software, and relevant taxation and financial management knowledge. Teaching methods like lectures, hands-on practice, and case studies improve theoretical understanding and analytical skills. Lastly, ongoing curriculum evaluation ensures its relevance to industry needs and technological advancements, making teaching more adaptive and preparing students to be job-ready and adaptable to technological changes. Abstrak Kurikulum merupakan pedoman pembelajaran yang mencakup tujuan, isi, metode, dan evaluasi untuk mencapai kompetensi yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi kurikulum akuntansi di SMK Pajajaran Bandung, dengan fokus pembahasan pada penggunaan teknologi, kesesuaian keterampilan dengan kebutuhan dunia kerja, efektivitas pendekatan pembelajaran, serta evaluasi kurikulum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi bagaimana implementasi kurikulum pembelajaran pada jurusan akuntansi di SMK Pajajaran Bandung dilaksanakan, dengan memperhatikan beberapa aspek yaitu kesesuaian kurikulum dengan keterampilan yang diperlukan dalam dunia kerja, pende…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: accounting curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: educational technology
  topic: keywords
subject: implementation curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Adi Wicaksono
creator: Khaila Nur Salsabila
creator: Zahrah Salsabila
creator: Maya Maya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Adi Wicaksono, Khaila Nur Salsabila, Zahrah Salsabila, Maya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 22
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.35a

Analysis of curriculum implementation in the accounting major at SMKN 11 Bandung
type: item
description: The educational curriculum determines the direction, goals, and learning strategies. Especially at the vocational education level, the curriculum is designed to produce graduates ready with competencies that suit the demands of the world of work. This research aims to analyze the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka in accounting learning at SMKN 11 Bandung and its impact on student competence. Through this study, it is hoped that it can provide innovative solutions to overcome the challenges of implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka in other vocational schools. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative approach through interview, observation, and document analysis methods with the subject of an accounting teacher who also serves as a school curriculum staff. The results showed that Kurikulum Merdeka has been implemented effectively at all levels of learning. The implementation of this curriculum includes curriculum development based on synchronization with industry needs, innovative learning methods such as project-based learning, and evaluation that focuses on student competence. This research also emphasizes the importance of collaboration between teachers, students, parents, and industry in improving the relevance of the education curriculum. Abstrak Kurikulum pendidikan memiliki peran yang cukup penting sebagai acuan dalam menentukan arah, tujuan, dan strategi pembelajaran. Khususnya pada jenjang pendidikan kejuruan, kurikulum dirancang untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang siap dengan kompetensi yang sesuai dengan tuntutan dunia kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada pembelajaran akuntansi di SMKN 11 Bandung serta dampaknya terhadap kompetensi peserta didik. Melalui studi ini, diharapkan dapat memberikan solusi inovatif guna mengatasi berbagai tantangan yang muncul dalam penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di sekolah-sekolah kejuruan lainnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskri…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum development
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Anisa Latifah
creator: Restu Setia Ningati
creator: Nabil Abdillah Meyza Winata
creator: Hafsah Nugraha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anisa Latifah, Restu Setia Ningati, Nabil Abdillah Meyza Winata, Hafsah Nugraha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 109
ending page: 122
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.46

Teachers' views on optimizing Kurikulum Merdeka in SMK Kencana accounting department
type: item
description: Curriculum transformation represents a strategic initiative the government took to improve the quality of learning, adjusting to the needs of an ever-evolving era. The Kurikulum Merdeka, present as an educational innovation, is designed to provide schools with freedom to achieve relevant learning objectives. This study aims to analyze the management of Kurikulum Merdeka at SMK Kencana, especially in the Accounting department, to support a quality learning system. This research uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques with school management to explore experiences, challenges encountered and strategies employed during curriculum implementation. The results showed that curriculum management at SMK Kencana has improved significantly, both from the perspective of teachers and school management. SMK Kencana successfully implemented Kurikulum Merdeka in the AKL department through subject integration, experiential projects, and collaboration with industry. This curriculum enhances teacher innovation, learning, and the relevance of materials to work needs. Despite adaptation challenges, this implementation effectively supports students' readiness for the world of work. This study concludes that the synergy between teachers and school management is the key to optimizing the management of Kurikulum Merdeka. These findings provide practical recommendations for further development in curriculum implementation in a Vocational High School environment, especially the Accounting Department. Abstrak Perubahan kurikulum merupakan langkah strategis yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran, menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan zaman yang terus berkembang. Kurikulum Merdeka, hadir sebagai inovasi pendidikan, dirancang untuk memberikan kebebasan kepada sekolah dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang relevan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengelolaan Kurikulum Merdeka di SMK Kencana, khususnya pada jurusan Akuntansi, guna mendukung si…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: accounting
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum management
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Mumtaz Ali Ridha Al Munawar
creator: Nayla Ikhsani Azyan
creator: Stephanie Aurelia
creator: Sulis Indriani
creator: Angga Hadiapurwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mumtaz Ali Ridha Al Munawar, Nayla Ikhsani Azyan, Stephanie Aurelia, Sulis Indriani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 108
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.45a

Observing accounting curriculum development in vocational schools for job-ready graduates
type: item
description: Vocational education curriculum needs to adapt to technological changes and the demands of the world of work in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This study examines the development of the accounting curriculum in Vocational High Schools (SMK) to produce graduates who are ready to work. The urgency lies in aligning the vocational education curriculum with the industry's evolving demands. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews with curriculum staff, Accounting teachers, and library managers at SMKN 1 Bandung and direct observations of school facilities. The enthusiasm of students is reflected in their active participation in curriculum-integrated projects. The project-based learning (PBL) method makes learning more engaging and enables students to apply accounting concepts in real-world contexts, strengthening their understanding. The findings indicate that the Merdeka Curriculum provides flexibility in teaching, supported by collaboration with DUDIKA. However, challenges such as high administrative burdens on teachers, limited facilities, and outdated technology remain. School libraries support learning by providing references but need further development of digital collections. This study recommends increasing technological capacity, providing teacher training, and optimizing facilities to maximize the curriculum’s potential, ultimately creating vocational graduates who meet industry needs. Abstrak Kurikulum pendidikan vokasi perlu beradaptasi dengan perubahan teknologi dan tuntutan dunia kerja di era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengembangan kurikulum akuntansi di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) dengan tujuan menghasilkan lulusan yang siap kerja. Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada pentingnya menyelaraskan kurikulum pendidikan vokasi dengan dinamika dan tuntutan industri yang terus berkembang. Observasi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan bidang kurikulum, guru mata…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Merdeka curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: project-based learning
  topic: keywords
subject: TEFA
  topic: keywords
subject: vocation
  topic: keywords
creator: Moch Diki Yulianto
creator: Dila Amalia
creator: Hasna Maisya Nazhirah
creator: Ressyel Rizkya Alghefira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Moch Diki Yulianto, Dila Amalia, Hasna Maisya Nazhirah, Ressyel Rizkya Alghefira (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 139
ending page: 150
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.44

The effectiveness of Kurikulum Merdeka on the accounting learning system in vocational schools
type: item
description: Rapid developments in the world of education have encouraged curriculum changes in Indonesia, one of which is the Kurikulum Merdeka which emphasizes Merdeka Belajar. This study aims to explain the implementation, benefits, and challenges that arise in the learning process based on a Kurikulum Merdeka in the Accounting and Finance Expertise Program at SMK PGRI 1 Bandung. The Kurikulum Merdeka is designed to meet 21st-century learning needs by prioritizing Merdeka Belajar and practical skills development. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach and literature, with a research focus on SMK PGRI 1 Cimahi. The results showed that the implementation of this new curriculum brought significant changes in the mastery of accounting materials and the improvement of students' practical skills. Although there are challenges in the adaptation process, such as reduced learning hours and teacher readiness, the flexibility of the curriculum allows teachers to adjust teaching methods according to student needs. This study recommends continuous evaluation of the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka to improve the quality of education in SMK and prepare students to face the challenges of the world of work. Abstrak Perkembangan pesat dalam dunia pendidikan telah mendorong adanya perubahan kurikulum di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Kurikulum Merdeka yang mengedepankan “Belajar Mandiri”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pelaksanaan, keuntungan, dan tantangan yang muncul dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan kurikulum merdeka pada Program Keahlian Akuntansi dan Keuangan Lembaga di SMK PGRI 1 Bandung. Kurikulum Merdeka dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajaran abad ke-21 dengan mengedepankan kemandirian belajar dan pengembangan keterampilan praktis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan literatur, memfokuskan pada SMK PGRI 1 Cimahi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerap…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: accounting
  topic: keywords
subject: accounting learning system
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Alya Syafira Khairunnisa
creator: Muhamad Ali
creator: Najma Silma Nayyara
creator: Talita Ardra Widyadhana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alya Syafira Khairunnisa, Muhamad Ali, Najma Silma Nayyara, Talita Ardra Widyadhana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 151
ending page: 162
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.43

Implementation and difficulties of Kurikulum Merdeka in accounting learning at LPPM-RI vocational school
type: item
description: Periodic curriculum changes are carried out as a form of innovation and educational reform to ensure that a country can have an educated, resilient, generous and ethical future generation. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka in accounting learning at SMK LPPM-RI with a qualitative approach. The data was obtained by interviewing the Curriculum Staff and the Head of the Accounting Department Program. The study results show that the Kurikulum Merdeka positively impacts accounting learning by emphasising a project-based approach and a P5 program that supports the development of students' practical skills. Although some elements of the Kurikulum 2013 are still being implemented, the Kurikulum Merdeka has succeeded in increasing student involvement and readiness to face the world of work. The learning process has become more relevant to the needs of the industry, and teachers are more active in assisting students to develop the competencies needed in the job market. As a result, implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka at LPPM-RI SMK can improve the quality of learning and better prepare students to enter the professional world. Abstrak Perubahan kurikulum yang terjadi secara berkala dilakukan sebagai bentuk inovasi dan reformasi pendidikan dengan tujuan antara lain yaitu agar suatu negara dapat memiliki generasi penerus yang berpendidikan, tangguh, dermawan, dan beretika. Perubahan kurikulum yang terjadi secara berkala dilakukan sebagai bentuk inovasi dan reformasi pendidikan dengan tujuan diantaranya yaitu agar sebuah negara dapat memiliki generasi penerus yang berpendidikan, tangguh, bertanggungjawab, dan beretika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam pembelajaran akuntansi di SMK LPPM-RI dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Staf Kurikulum sekaligus Kepala Program Jurusan Akuntansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kurikulum Merdeka memberikan dampak positif terhadap…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: accounting learning
  topic: keywords
subject: kurikulum merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: vocational school
  topic: keywords
creator: Adelia Maileni Agustin
creator: Nur Afipah Afriyanti
creator: Rahma Amelia
creator: Shandi Wiguna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Adelia Maileni Agustin, Nur Afipah Afriyanti, Rahma Amelia, Shandi Wiguna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 81
ending page: 92
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.42

Analysis of curriculum development and accounting learning at SMK Indonesia Raya
type: item
description: The development of the accounting curriculum in Vocational High Schools (SMK) is essential in preparing graduates who are ready to compete in the world of work. However, the dualism of implementing the Kurikulum 2013 and the Kurikulum Kerdeka poses a challenge for schools in adjusting the curriculum to the ever-growing industry's needs. A curriculum not in line with industry standards can hinder students' readiness to face the world of work. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the accounting curriculum at SMK Indonesia Raya and identify its challenges and opportunities. The method used is qualitative, with observation and in-depth interviews with teachers, students, and school management. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to understand the effectiveness of the curriculum implemented. The study results show that the dualism of the curriculum causes differences in learning strategies, teacher readiness, and student understanding of industry-based materials. The Kurikulum Merdeka provides more flexibility, but limited infrastructure and readiness of teaching staff are the main obstacles. In conclusion, the development of accounting curriculum in SMK requires synergy between the government, schools, and industry to ensure relevance to the job market. With an adaptive curriculum, competent teaching staff, and adequate facilities, SMK graduates can be highly competitive in the era of globalization. Abstrak Pengembangan kurikulum akuntansi di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) berperan penting dalam mempersiapkan lulusan yang siap bersaing di dunia kerja. Namun, dualisme penerapan Kurikulum 2013 dan Kurikulum Merdeka menimbulkan tantangan bagi sekolah dalam menyesuaikan kurikulum dengan kebutuhan industri yang terus berkembang. Kurikulum yang tidak selaras dengan standar industri dapat menghambat kesiapan peserta didik dalam menghadapi dunia kerja.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi implementasi kurikulum akuntansi di SMK Indonesia Raya serta mengide…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Accounting learning
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum development
  topic: keywords
subject: vocational high school curriculum
  topic: keywords
creator: Alivia Alviasari
creator: Ine Azizah
creator: Monicha Dewi Anggraeni
creator: Muhamad Mario Darpa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Alivia Alviasari, Ine Azizah, Monicha Dewi Anggraeni, Muhamad Mario Darpa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 123
ending page: 138
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.41

Curriculum innovation at SMK PGRI 2 Cimahi: Preparing students for the workforce
type: item
description: A good curriculum not only focuses on understanding academic material but must also be able to shape students' skills and character so that they are ready to face increasingly complex global challenges. This study aims to analyze the implementation of curriculum innovation at SMK PGRI 2 Cimahi in equipping students to face the world of work through integrating technology, strengthening soft skills, and providing industrial certification. In addition, this study also examines curriculum development strategies that follow the needs of the Business World and the Industrial World (DUDI), as well as identifying the challenges faced and solutions applied in curriculum collaboration to produce graduates who are competitive and ready to enter the world of work. The research method used is qualitative, using interviews, literature, and document studies. The results of this study indicate that SMK PGRI 2 Cimahi implements two curricula, namely the Merdeka Curriculum and the 2013 Curriculum. This curriculum innovation is integrated with internship programs (PKL), technology such as MYOB accounting software, and the provision of industrial certification in collaboration with DUDI partners. In addition, soft skills are strengthened through professional ethics training and habituation programs, which involve alums in developing student skills. This research is expected to contribute to developing the SMK curriculum in Indonesia, especially in the context of globalization and digitalization. Abstrak Kurikulum yang baik tidak hanya berfokus pada pemahaman materi akademik saja, tetapi juga harus mampu membentuk keterampilan serta karakter peserta didik agar siap menghadapi tantangan global yang semakin kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan inovasi kurikulum di SMK PGRI 2 Cimahi dalam membekali peserta didik untuk menghadapi dunia kerja melalui pengintegrasian teknologi, penguatan soft skills, dan penyediaan sertifikasi industri. Selain itu, penelitian ini j…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bussines and industry world
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: DUDI
  topic: keywords
subject: industry collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Dinda Ayu Triani
creator: Muhammad Aldi
creator: Nabilla Hapsari Putri Fauzi
creator: Risa Nur Safitri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dinda Ayu Triani, Muhammad Aldi, Nabilla Hapsari Putri Fauzi, Risa Nur Safitri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 23
ending page: 36
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.40

Enhancing accounting learning with curriculum and library support at SMK Daarut Tauhiid
type: item
description: The curriculum functions as a tool to achieve educational goals, a good curriculum must be carefully designed to meet the needs of students and society. This research discusses the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka at Daarut Tauhiid Vocational School to improve students' accounting skills through In-House Training (IHT), supporting facilities, and project-based learning (PBL) methods. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka, identify opportunities and challenges, provide recommendations for optimizing the curriculum, and evaluate the effectiveness of IHT and PBL learning methods in improving student competence. The research used descriptive qualitative methods with data obtained through interviews with deputy principals, accounting teachers, and library staff. The research results show that Daarut Tauhiid Vocational School implements the Kurikulum Merdeka and the foundation curriculum. Teachers and staff receive adequate training so that they can implement learning effectively. The school also provides adequate facilities to support student access to the latest education. Although there are several challenges. Daarut Tauhiid Vocational School has successfully implemented the Kurikulum Merdeka effectively with the support of teacher training, adequate facilities and project-based learning methods. To overcome challenges in implementation, researchers recommend practical optimization of the curriculum to prepare students for the world of work. Abstrak Kurikulum berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan, kurikulum yang baik harus dirancang dengan cermat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini membahas implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di SMK Daarut Tauhiid untuk meningkatkan kemampuan akuntansi peserta didik melalui In-House Training (IHT), fasilitas pendukung, dan metode pembelajaran berbasis proyek (PBL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka, mengide…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum optimization
  topic: keywords
subject: educational facilities
  topic: keywords
subject: in-house training
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: project-based learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Annisa I’zzatul Jannah
creator: Firda Shauma Destiawan
creator: Okta Nurul Gina
creator: Zahra Nabilatu Azkia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Annisa I’zzatul Jannah, Firda Shauma Destiawan, Okta Nurul Gina, Zahra Nabilatu Azkia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 67
ending page: 80
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.39

Analysis of Kurikulum Merdeka development and its application in classroom accounting learning
type: item
description: Kurikulum Merdeka can not only improve the quality of education, but can also build highly competitive human resources to meet the needs of the times. This research article discusses the development of a kurikulum merdeka and its influence on accounting learning in the classroom. This research aims to give freedom to educational institutions, educators, and students in determining the learning process. In this research, the curriculum plays an important role as a learning guide and a tool to develop abilities, shape character, and improve student competencies. The curriculum is designed to prepare students to face global challenges that continue to grow and answer various educational challenges in the digital era and globalization. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe the situation factually. Data was collected by conducting interviews, documentation, and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that the success in developing the kurikulum merdeka is greatly influenced by collaboration between the principal, deputy principal for curriculum, program leader, teachers, and library managers. Implementing the kurikulum merdeka in schools, which are the objects of research, shows success in curriculum development. Not only has it succeeded in developing a curriculum that meets national education standards, but it is also relevant to the world of work demands. Abstrak Kurikulum Merdeka tidak hanya dapat meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan, tetapi juga dapat membangun sumber daya manusia yang berdaya saing tinggi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan zaman. Penelitian artikel ini membahas tentang pengembangan kurikulum merdeka dan pengaruhnya terhadap pembelajaran akuntansi di kelas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan kebebasan kepada institusi pendidikan, pendidik, dan peserta didik dalam menentukan proses pembelajaran. Pada penelitian ini kurikulum berperan penting sebagai panduan belajar dan alat untuk mengembangkan kemampuan, mem…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: accounting learning
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum development
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Diah Amalia
creator: Sofa Nabila
creator: Myisha Azlia Nafhatus Sofa
creator: Intan Desyanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diah Amalia, Sofa Nabila, Myisha Azlia Nafhatus Sofa, Intan Desyanti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 55
ending page: 66
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.38

Analysis of Kurikulum Merdeka tools at SMK Bina Sarana Cendekia Bandung
type: item
description: This research aims to analyse the challenges and opportunities in preparing and implementing curriculum tools based on the Kurikulum Merdeka at SMK Bina Sarana Cendekia. This study emphasizes the importance of flexible learning and character development through a project-based approach, which are key aspects of the Kurikulum Merdeka framework. Using qualitative research methods, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation to gain insights from teachers and staff about their views on the curriculum. The findings reveal that the development of curriculum tools requires continuous teacher training, cross-sector collaboration, and improvements in supporting facilities. Key challenges include a lack of understanding of new elements such as Learning Outcomes (CP), Learning Objectives (TP), and the Flow of Learning Objectives (ATP), as well as difficulties some educators face with technology application. In conclusion, while implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka holds significant potential to enhance the relevance of vocational education to industry needs, it also faces various challenges related to understanding and applying the new elements. Addressing these challenges through intensive teacher training, innovative project-based teaching modules, and strengthened collaboration with industry is essential for effective implementation at SMK Bina Sarana Cendekia. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tantangan dan peluang dalam penyusunan dan implementasi alat kurikulum berdasarkan Kurikulum Merdeka di SMK Bina Sarana Cendekia. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya pembelajaran fleksibel dan pengembangan karakter melalui pendekatan berbasis proyek, yang merupakan aspek kunci dari kerangka Kurikulum Merdeka. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengamatan, dan dokumentasi untuk mendapatkan wawasan dari pendidik dan staf mengenai pandangan mereka tentang kurikulum. Temuan ini mengungkapkan bahwa penyusu…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum development
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
subject: vocational high school
  topic: keywords
creator: Aurell Vinaya
creator: Naifa Nur Marischa
creator: Salsabilla Meydiawanti
creator: Shafira Putri Amanda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Aurell Vinaya, Naifa Nur Marischa, Salsabilla Meydiawanti, Shafira Putri Amanda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 37
ending page: 54
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i1.37

Challenges in curriculum implementation and development at SMK Profita Bandung
type: item
description: This research analyzes the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka at SMK Profita Bandung, focusing on the flexibility of the curriculum to meet the needs of students and industry. Data were collected through observations and interviews to identify curriculum development challenges and provide insights for improving vocational education practices. The study explores issues related to creating and implementing the curriculum at SMK Profita Bandung, particularly concerning the application of the Kurikulum Merdeka. It investigates how a flexible curriculum can meet students' needs and industry demands and the effectiveness of technology use in learning. Conducted descriptively qualitatively, the research gathered data through observations, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that the main challenges in curriculum development include limited resources, resistance to change among educators, and the need for ongoing teacher training. Furthermore, although the Kurikulum Merdeka offers flexibility, its implementation still faces obstacles, especially in collaboration between teachers, school principals, and other stakeholders. This research is expected to provide insights for improving curriculum development practices in vocational schools and support enhancing educational quality in Indonesia. Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di SMK Profita Bandung, fokus pada fleksibilitas kurikulum untuk memenuhi kebutuhan peserta didik dan industri. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara untuk mengidentifikasi tantangan dalam pengembangan kurikulum, dengan tujuan memberikan wawasan untuk perbaikan praktik pendidikan vokasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari masalah yang terkait dengan pembuatan dan pelaksanaan kurikulum di SMK Profita Bandung, terutama dalam hal penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kurikulum yang fleksibel dapat memenuhi kebutuhan peserta di…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: curriculum development
  topic: keywords
subject: implementation curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: Kurikulum Merdeka
  topic: keywords
creator: Balqis Najmi Aqila Putri Syaela
creator: Firda Nur Fauziah
creator: Syahla Aulia Syahida
creator: Zahra Tazkia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Balqis Najmi Aqila Putri Syaela, Firda Nur Fauziah, Syahla Aulia Syahida, Zahra Tazkia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-29
publication date: 2025-08-29
starting page: 163
ending page: 176
doi: 10.64014/hipkin-jer.v2i2.36