Research trends and benefits of discovery learning and problem-based learning on critical thinking skills

Muhamad Kosim Gifari; Babang Robandi

doi:10.17509/jik.v21i3.66410

Abstract

This study uses the Systematic Review (SR) method to identify, evaluate, and synthesize evidence from literature relevant to the research topic about the influence of Discovery Learning (DL) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study is to identify research trends and analyze selected literature. The software used in this study is Google Scholar, Harzing's Publish or Perish 8, Microsoft Excel, Mendeley Desktop, and VOSviewer. The bibliometric analysis identified seven interrelated clusters, including DL, PBL, and critical thinking skills. The results of the visualization highlight the importance of technology integration in education and the important role of teachers and teaching materials. SR analysis shows that PBL and DL journals make a major contribution to the development of research on critical thinking. The most cited articles show the dominance of research in this area, with experimental methods being the most common. The results of SR analysis show that the DL and PBL learning models can improve students' critical thinking skills, as seen from previous studies. The implication is that this learning approach has great potential to improve the quality of education by preparing students to think critically and analytically in facing future challenges.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Review (SR) untuk mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi, dan mensintesis bukti-bukti dari literatur yang relevan dengan topik penelitian tentang pengaruh Discovery Learning (DL) dan Problem-Based Learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi tren penelitian dan menganalisis literatur terpilih. Software yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Google Scholar, Harzing’s Publish or Perish 8, Microsoft Excel, Mendeley Desktop, dan VOSviewer. Analisis bibliometrik mengidentifikasi tujuh cluster yang saling terkait, termasuk DL, PBL, dan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil visualisasi menyoroti pentingnya integrasi teknologi dalam pendidikan dan peran penting guru serta bahan ajar. Analisis SR menunjukkan bahwa jurnal PBL dan DL memberikan kontribusi besar dalam pengembangan penelitian tentang berpikir kritis. Artikel yang paling banyak dikutip menunjukkan dominasi penelitian dalam bidang ini, dengan metode eksperimen menjadi yang paling umum. Hasil analisis SR menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran DL dan PBL dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, seperti yang terlihat dari penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Implikasinya adalah bahwa pendekatan pembelajaran ini memiliki potensi besar dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dengan mempersiapkan siswa untuk berpikir secara kritis dan analitis dalam menghadapi tantangan masa depan.

Kata Kunci: Berpikir kritis, pembelajaran berbasis penemuan, pembelajaran berbasis masalah

Keywords:

critical thinking discovery learning problem-based learning

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