The influence of the RQA model on the digital literacy ability of high school students

Authors

  • Silvia Rahmadini Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0849-3057
  • Anik Ghufron Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
  • Ahmad Yusuf Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
  • Nurul Inayah Khairaty Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64014/jik.v22i4.201

Keywords:

digital literacy, learning model, Reading, Questioning, and Answering, RQA

Abstract

The digital literacy skills of high school students are still relatively low, especially in critically searching for, evaluating, and managing digital information. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Reading, Questioning, and Answering (RQA) learning model on students' digital literacy skills in Informatics. This study used a quantitative approach with a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design involving two classes: an experimental class and a control class, with a sample of 70 grade XI students at SMA Negeri 2 Padang in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research instrument was a digital literacy test covering aspects of online information searching, hypertext navigation, content evaluation, and knowledge compilation. Data analysis was performed using an independent-samples t-test and an N-Gain calculation. The results showed a significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes. Students who used the RQA model for learning showed greater improvement across all aspects of digital literacy than those in conventional learning. The RQA model is considered effective because it encourages active engagement, critical thinking, and independent learning among students. 

 

Abstrak

Kemampuan literasi digital murid SMA masih tergolong rendah, terutama dalam mencari, mengevaluasi, dan mengelola informasi digital secara kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran Reading, Questioning, and Answering (RQA) terhadap kemampuan literasi digital murid pada mata pelajaran Informatika. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain quasi eksperimen nonequivalent control group design yang melibatkan dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dengan jumlah sampel 70 murid kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Padang tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes literasi digital yang mencakup aspek pencarian informasi melalui internet, navigasi hypertext, evaluasi konten, dan penyusunan pengetahuan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji independent sample t-test dan perhitungan N-Gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara hasil belajar murid pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Murid yang mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model RQA menunjukkan peningkatan lebih tinggi pada seluruh aspek literasi digital dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Model RQA dinilai efektif karena mampu mendorong keterlibatan aktif, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kemandirian belajar murid.

Kata Kunci: literasi digital; model pembelajaran; Reading, Questioning, and Answering; RQA

Author Biography

  • Silvia Rahmadini, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

    Educational Technology

References

Aida, N. (2023). Literasi digital dengan penggunaan PHET untuk remediasi miskonsepsi mahasiswa pada materi rangkaian arus searah. JPF (Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika) Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, 11(1), 16-23.

Anyaobi, G., & Echedom, A. U. (2025). Socio-demographic variables as correlates of digital literacy and information access among library and information science educators in universities in South-South, Nigeria. Journal of Library Services and Technologies, 7(1), 166-186.

Darussyamsu, R., & Fadilah, M. (2017). The effect of reading, questioning and answering strategy toward student creative thinking on evolution course at Biology department FMIPA Universitas Negeri Padang. Bioeducation Journal, 1(1), 10-21.

Davis, M. H., Schoeneberger, J., Rhoads, C., Mac Iver, D. J., Zhang, X., Mac Iver, M., & Spinney, S. (2025). Accelerating Literacy for Adolescents (ALFA): Evaluating ALFA lab using a regression discontinuity study. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 18(3), 646-672.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.

Fitrianingsih, E., Hasan, R., & Milla, H. (2022). Efektivitas model Reading Questioning and Answering (RQA) dalam pembelajaran online terhadap kemampuan kognitif siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA terpadu. Bioedusains: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains, 5(1), 150-158.

Hadiapurwa, A., Joelene, E. N., Nugraha, H., & Komara, D. A. (2023). Social media usage for language literacy development in Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Informasi dan Perpustakaan, 11(1), 109-126.

Hidayahtika, F., Suprapto, P. K., & Hernawati, D. (2020). Keterampilan literasi sains peserta didik dengan model pembelajaran Reading, Questioning, and Answering (RQA) dalam pembelajaran biologi. Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi, 12(1), 69-75.

Hikamah, S. R., & Maghfiroh, N. H. (2024). Discovery learning model integrated RQA to improve critical thinking skills, metacognitive skills and problem-solving through science material for junior high school students. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 14(4), 287-294.

Jose, K. (2021). " Google and me together can read anything" online reading strategies to develop hypertext comprehension in ESL readers. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(2), 896-914.

Kerkhoff, S. N., & Makubuya, T. (2022). Professional development on digital literacy and transformative teaching in a low‐income country: A case study of rural Kenya. Reading Research Quarterly, 57(1), 287-305.

Khaira, H. S., Al Hafizh, M. F., Darmansyah, P. S. A., Nugraha, H., & Komara, D. A. (2023). Analysis of needs and teachers' perception towards business teaching materials at SMA Labschool UPI. Curricula: Journal of Curriculum Development, 2(2), 299-314.

Komara, D. A., & Hadiapurwa, A. (2023). Improving literacy of junior high school students through revitalization of library in kampus mengajar IV activities. Dwija Cendekia: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik, 7(1), 143-152.

Komara, D. A., Anwar, R. K., & Khadijah, U. L. (2025). The relationship between media literacy, information literacy, and the ability to recognize political misinformation in high school students. Mimbar Ilmu, 30(2), 385-396.

Leasa, M., Abednego, A., & Batlolona, J. R. (2023). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) with Reading Questioning and Answering (RQA) of preservice elementary school teachers. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(6), 245-261.

Librea, N. K., Luciano, A. M., Sacamay, M. L., Libres, M. D., & Cabanilla Jr, A. (2023). Low reading literacy skills of elementary pupils in the Philippines: Systematic review. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 11(4), 1978-1985.

Lisa, D., Dewi, N. C., & Sahrin, A. (2021). Pengaruh model pembelajaran RQA (Reading, Questioning, and Answering) yang dilaksanakan secara daring (masa pandemi COVID-19) terhadap peningkatan self-regulated learning dan hasil belajar siswa. Eksakta: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pembelajaran MIPA, 6(2), 251-256.

Manca, S., & Delfino, M. (2021). Adapting educational practices in emergency remote education: Continuity and change from a student perspective. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(4), 1394-1413.

Maulida, A., & Mayasari, R. (2019). Pengaruh model pembelajaran Reading, Questioning and Answering (RQA) terhadap hasil belajar siswa tentang sistem koordinasi pada manusia kelas XI SMA PGRI di Kota Banjarmasin. Jurnal Pendidikan Hayati, 5(3), 99-106.

Nur, T. D., Corebıma, A. D., Zubaidah, S., Ibrohım, I., & Saefi, M. (2023). Learning Biology through thinking empowerment by questioning: The effect on conceptual knowledge and critical thinking. Participatory Educational Research, 10(1), 122-139.

Oh, C. M., Krish, P., & Hamat, A. (2022). Reading on smartphones: Students' habits and implications for reading skills. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal, 23(1), 259-277.

Palenti, C. D., Putra, A., & Gusti, R. (2023). Improving metacognitive ability through the Reading Questioning Answering (RQA) model assisted with learning journals in nonformal educational study programs. JIV-Jurnal Ilmiah Visi, 18(2), 80-86.

Pratiwi, R. E., Zubaidah, S., & Novianti, V. (2024). Does the PBL-RQA model improve students' information literacy and self-confidence?. Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 12(1), 86-97.

Putri, E. I., Fitri, R., & Darussyamsu, R. (2022). Analisis model pembelajaran Reading, Questioning, and Answering (RQA) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Ruang-Ruang Kelas: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 2(3), 1-7.

Rosyiddin, A. A. Z., Fiqih, A., Nugraha, H., Hadiapurwa, A., & Komara, D. A. (2023). The effect of interactive PowerPoint media design on student learning interests. Edcomtech: Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan, 8(1), 12-24.

Rumahlatu, D., Sangur, K., Berhitu, M. M., Kainama, S. Y., Kakisina, V. V., & Latupeirissa, C. (2021). Resource Based Learning Design Thinking (RBLDT): A model to improve students' creative thinking skills, concept gaining, and digital literacy. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(1), 288-302.

Sari, D. M. M. (2022). Digital literacy and academic performance of students’self-directed learning readiness. ELite Journal: International Journal of Education, Language, and Literature, 2(3), 127-136.

Tarigan, C. U., & Tarigan, W. P. L. (2022). The effect of flipped class with project based learning assisted by Moodle combined with Reading, Questioning and Answering (RQA) on 4C skills. Bioedukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 15(2), 82-91.

Tendrita, M., & Sari, P. P. A. (2020). The application of cooperative learning models Student Team Achivement Divisions (STAD) type integrated RQA based on lesson study to improve motivation and comunication skills of students of Biology eduaction of Universitas Negeri Malang. Bioedusiana: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 5(1), 1-13.

Zubaidah, S., Angraini, E., & Susanto, H. (2023). TPACK-based active learning to promote digital and scientific literacy in genetics. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 13(2), 50-61.

Published

28-11-2025

Similar Articles

1-10 of 95

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.