Development of student worksheets based on the PBL model to improve students' critical thinking ability

Dewi Nurhasanah Nasution; Reh Bungana Beru Perangin-angin; Wildansyah Lubis

doi:10.64014/jik.v23i1.258

Authors

Dewi Nurhasanah Nasution Universitas Negeri Medan
Reh Bungana Beru Perangin-angin Universitas Negeri Medan
Wildansyah Lubis Universitas Negeri Medan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64014/jik.v23i1.258

Keywords:

critical thinking, LKPD, PBL, problem based learning, student worksheet

Abstract

In the 21st century, students need to possess 4C skills: critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity. In improving students' critical thinking skills through the learning process, it is highly dependent on learning resources, for example Student Worksheets (LKPD). This study aims to develop and determine the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of Problem Based Learning (PBL)-based LKPD developed for the critical thinking skills of fourth-grade students of SD Negeri 101775 Sampali. This study is a Research and Development (RnD) study using the ADDIE model approach, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research instruments used are observation, questionnaires and critical thinking ability tests. The results of the study indicate that PBL-based LKPD is suitable for use, based on the feasibility test of LKPD products by the validator. Based on teacher and student responses, PBL-based LKPD is very practical to use with the results of responses obtained by two teachers and the results of student responses. PBL-based LKPD is effective to use with the criteria of "Medium". It can be concluded that the PBL-based LKPD developed is feasible, practical, and effective in improving students' critical thinking skills.

Abstrak

Pada abad 21, peserta didik perlu memliki keterampilan 4C yakni berpikir kritis, kolaborasi, komunikasi, dan berpikir kreatif. Dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik melalui proses pembelajaran sangat bergantung pada sumber pembelajaran, misalnya Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengetahui kelayakan, kepraktisan, serta keefektifan LKPD berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang dikembangkan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri 101775 Sampali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Development (RnD) dengan menggunakan pendekatan model ADDIE yaitu Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu observasi, angket dan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD berbasis PBL sudah layak digunakan, berdasarkan uji kelayakan produk LKPD oleh validator. Berdasarkan respons guru dan peserta didik LKPD berbasis PBL sangat praktis digunakan dengan perolehan hasil respons oleh dua orang guru dan hasil respons peserta didik. LKPD berbasis PBL efektif digunakan dengan kriteria “Sedang”. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD berbasis PBL yang telah dikembangkan layak, praktis, dan efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik.

Kata Kunci: berpkir kritis; lembar kerja peserta didik; LKPD; PBL; pembelajaran berbasis masalah

References

Aldiyah, E. (2021). Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) pengembangan sebagai sarana peningkatan keterampilan proses pembelajaran IPA di SMP. Teaching: Jurnal Inovasi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(1), 67-76.

Anggraeni, D. M., Prahani, B. K., Suprapto, N., Shofiyah, N., & Jatmiko, B. (2023). Systematic review of problem based learning research in fostering critical thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49(1), 1-14.

Arisoy, B., & Aybek, B. (2021). The effects of subject-based critical thinking education in mathematics on students' critical thinking skills and virtues. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 92(1), 99-119.

Astuti, A. (2021). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis Problem Based Learning (PBL) untuk kelas VII SMP/MTs mata pelajaran Matematika. Jurnal Cendekia, 5(2), 1011-1024.

Auzi, C., Yunita, S., & Sugiharto, S. (2025). Development of baamboozle-based learning media on Pancasila and Civics subjects in class V. Inovasi Kurikulum, 22(2), 917-932.

Dewanty, V., L. & Farisya, G. (2023). Development of digital modules to optimize Basic Japanese online learning. Inovasi Kurikulum, 20(2), 391-406.

Dita, P. P. S., Utomo, S., & Sekar, D. A. (2021). Implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) on interactive learning media. Journal of Technology and Humanities, 2(2), 24-30.

Fradila, E., Razak, A., Santosa, T. A., Arsih, F., & Chatri, M. (2021). Development of e-module-based Problem Based Learning (PBL) applications using Sigil the course ecology and environmental education students master of Biology. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 27(2), 673–682.

Harefa, D. (2023). Efektivitas model pembelajaran talking CHIPS untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Tunas: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 4(1), 83-99.

Jaganathan, S., Bhuminathan, S., & Ramesh, M. (2024). Problem-based learning–An overview. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 16(2), 1435-1437.

Kurniawan, N. A., Hidayah, N., & Rahman, D. H. (2021). Analisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMK. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 6(3), 334-338.

Luthfi, H., & Rakhmawati, F. (2022). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis Etnomatematika pada materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung kelas IX. Jurnal Cendekia: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(1), 98-109.

Maisyaroh, M., Syarifah, S., & Mursid, M. (2024). Development of learning videos at SDN 106104 Sambirejo. Inovasi Kurikulum, 21(2), 1235-1246.

Manurung, A. S., Fahrurrozi, F., Utomo, E., & Gumelar, G. (2023). Implementasi berpikir kritis dalam upaya mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa. Jurnal Papeda: Jurnal Publikasi Pendidikan Dasar, 5(2), 120-132.

Meha, N., Armanto, D., & Sutopo, A. (2025). Developing student worksheets (LKPD) based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to improve students' learning outcomes. Inovasi Kurikulum, 22(2), 847-860.

Ni’mah, A., Arianti, E. S., Suyanto, S., Putera, S. H. P., & Nashrudin, A. (2024). Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methods within an independent curriculum (A literature review). Sintaksis: Publikasi Para Ahli Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, 2(4), 165-174.

Nisa, A. C., Arismunandar, A., & Arnidah, A. (2025). Development of interactive learning media based on websites for the textile science course. Inovasi Kurikulum, 22(2), 985-998.

O'Reilly, C., Devitt, A., & Hayes, N. (2022). Critical thinking in the preschool classroom-A systematic literature review. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 46(1), 1-10.

Purwanti, W. I., & Ramadan, Z. H. (2024). Pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik berbasis problem based learning tema 5 subtema 1 untuk siswa kelas v sekolah dasar. Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, 13(1), 137-144.

Putra, W. P., Gunamantha, I. M., & Sudiana, I. N. (2023). Pengembangan E-LKPD HOTS dalam meningkatkan berpikir kritis pada pembelajaran IPA SD. Pendasi Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia, 7(1), 169-180.

Putri, N. P. M. A. R., Wiarta, I. W., & Ambara, D. P. (2025). Interactive student worksheets based on discovery learning in science subjects for grade V elementary school. Journal of Education, 9(1), 146-154.

Rahmaini, N., & Chandra, S. O. (2024). Pentingnya berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran matematika. Griya Journal of Mathematics Education and Application, 4(1), 1-8.

Rambe, N. A., Saragi, D., & Rajagukguk, W. (2025). Development of digital comic media for improving student learning outcomes in collective lifestyle material. Inovasi Kurikulum, 22(2), 813-828.

Sari, M., & Rosidah, A. (2023). Implementasi model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap hasil belajar IPS SD. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidik Indonesia, 2(1), 8-17.

Sarumaha, M., Harefa, D., Ziraluo, Y. P. B., Fau, A., Fau, Y. T. V., Bago, A. S., ... & Novialdi, A. (2022). Penggunaan model pembelajaran artikulasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA Terpadu. Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 8(3), 2045-2052.

Selmin, Y., Bunga, Y. N., & Bare, Y. (2022). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis inkuiri terbimbing materi sistem organisasi kehidupan. Spizaetus: Jurnal Biologi dan Pendidikan Biologi, 3(1), 41-57.

Subekti, M. A. S., & Prahmana, R. C. I. (2021). Developing interactive electronic student worksheets through discovery learning and critical thinking skills during pandemic era. Mathematics Teaching Research Journal, 13(2), 137-176.

Suswati, U. (2021). Penerapan Problem Based Learning (PBL) meningkatkan hasil belajar Kimia. Teaching: Jurnal Inovasi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(3), 127-136.

Syafitri, E., Armanto, D., & Rahmadani, E. (2021). Aksiologi kemampuan berpikir kritis (kajian tentang manfaat dari kemampuan berpikir kritis). Journal of Science and Social Research, 4(3), 320-325.

Syahfitri, J., & Sulaiman, E. (2023). Implementation of student worksheets based on problem based learning to improve students' critical thinking skills. Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi, 15(2), 188-192.

Talaksoru, D. O., Kuswandi, D., & Ulfa, S. (2024). Development of Digital Research-Based Learning (D-RBL) strategy in instructional media course. Inovasi Kurikulum, 21(2), 955-968.

Triwulandari, S., & Supardi, U. S. (2022). Analisis inteligensi dan berpikir kritis. Utile: Jurnal Kependidikan, 8(1), 50-61.

Widiyani, A., & Pramudiani, P. (2021). Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis software liveworksheet pada materi PPKn. Dwija Cendekia: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik, 5(1), 132-141.

Yalyn, D., Sari, D. A. P., & Widodo, W. (2022). The implementation of student worksheets based on problem-based learning to improve students science process skill. Jurnal Pijar MIPA, 17(5), 569-576.

Yasa, A. D., Farida, N. K., Alfianto, R. N. A., & Salimi, M. (2024). Development of human digestive organ media based on Assemblr EDU. Inovasi Kurikulum, 21(3), 1371-1382.